This study investigated the usefulness of research on school social work in the school transitional period through a literature review focusing on recent health checkups for 5-year-olds. These checkups are intended to facilitate the period of school transition. A review of 86 articles revealed that: ⅰ. Health checkups for 5-year-olds have attracted interest along with changes in special needs education, ⅱ. Although medical professionals consider the checkups to be useful, the checkups have been greatly biased toward a medical model and few studies have examined those checkups in the fields of health, welfare, or education, ⅲ. "A convincing explanation" and "a system of improved cooperation" are need for childcare workers and parents, who are the people spending the most time with children each day. At school age as well as in early childhood (including the school transitional period), school social work can help to ensuring the continuity of children's lives through the social work by school social workers.