@article{oai:bunkyo.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003740,
 author = {Matsukawa, Seiichi},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {文教大学国際学部紀要, Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University},
 month = {1999-02-01, 2011-02-24},
 note = {This paper aims to describe some features of empowerment-oriented social impact assessments in comparison with the traditional, scientific mode of social impact assessments. Since the 1980s the empowerment-oriented approach has been growing as an alternative to the scientific approach in many areas of policy sciences. In this paper I will show not only that social impact assessments can be empowerment-oriented but also that such social impact assessments are effective tools with which people empower themselves.
\nThe remainder of this paper is organized in five sections. Section 2 gives an analytical framework to describe planning processes. Three categories are identified; paradigm, methodology, and technique. Social impact assessment is a methodology in the planning process. Section 3 explores some features of the so-called scientific paradigm by using the categories developed in Section 2. Section 4 highlights the issue of "citizen participation" in the process of social impact assessments on the basis of the scientific paradigm. Section 5 reviews some works of the precursors conducting empowerment-oriented social impact assessments and examines some critical points in the procedure of empowerment-oriented social impact assessment.},
 pages = {17--28},
 title = {Two Modes of Social Impact Assessments : Scientific vs. Empowerment-oriented Approach},
 volume = {9},
 year = {}
}