@article{oai:bunkyo.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006744,
 author = {太田, 和敬},
 journal = {人間科学研究, Bulletin of Human Science},
 month = {2016-03-01, 2018-03-28},
 note = {Geoffrey Baker criticized El Sistema, the national youth orchestra program in Venezuela. According to Baker, emotion dominates virtually all attempts to analyze El Sistema, so nobody can know the objective facts. He writes that contributors from the region report a lack of facilities, equipment, and teachers and gross inequalities in resources and pay. In addition, El Sistema is a dictatorial organization, and orchestra members must obey conductors. Although the stated aims of El Sistema are to rise up from poverty and to change society through music, the main beneficiaries of the program are middle class children. The slogan is merely a means for receiving subsidies. Classical music and orchestra pieces are too old a style for children to learn, and folk music and small music bands are more suitable and relevant. Baker’s criticisms are apt to some degree, but El Sistema has protected 40,000 children from crime and dangerous cities and the program has fostered many top stars in classical music. The brilliant success of El Sistema is based on seven principles: 1. goals so high that they seem impossible to achieve, 2. giving every child access to El Sistema, 3. beginning with practice as an orchestra and not personal lessons, 4. creating different orchestras depending on ability, 5. creating social change through music, 6. assistance from family, 7. building careers. Nevertheless, El Sistema faces difficult political and economic conditions because of the death of Hugo Chávez and a great drop in the price of oil. To survive, El Sistema must become one potential activity for children and not the sole option.},
 pages = {1--27},
 title = {エル・システマの研究（上）},
 volume = {37},
 year = {}
}