Cooperativeness of children in nursery school and kindergarten assessed by their parents and parents' parenting style: A comparison to data from parents of schoolchildren
協調性, 保護者評定, 保育園児と幼稚園児, 小学校との比較, 子育てスタイル cooperativeness, parents' assessment, children in nursery school and kindergarten, comparison to schoolchildren, parenting style
Parents of children in nursery school and kindergarten were surveyed using the Multifaceted Cooperativeness Scale for Children Assessed by their Parents (MCSCAP) and the Parenting Style Scale developed on the basis of surveys of parents of schoolchildren. Preschoolers' scores on the three subscales of the MCSCAP－Cooperation, Collaborative Problem-solving, and Harmonious Conformity－were analyzed by gender×age×nursery school vs. kindergarten using ANOVA. The results revealed that three-year-old children had lower scores on three subscales of the MCSCAP than did children in other age groups. Boys in nursery school had a lower score for Collaborative Problem-solving than did boys in kindergarten, but girls in nursery school had a higher score than did girls in kindergarten. Data from parents of preschoolers were combined with data from parents of schoolchildren in Tokyo. The combined data were used to compare the preschoolers' scores on the three subscales of the MCSCAP and their parents' scores on the two subscales of the Parenting Style Scale－Responsive/Sharing and Controlling/Demanding－to the scores of the schoolchildren and their parents. Analysis yielded the following results. (a) Boys in nursery school had a lower score for Cooperation than did boys in kindergarten or elementary school, but there was no difference in the score of girls in preschool and girls in elementary school. (b) Both male and female schoolchildren had a higher score for Collaborative Problem-solving than did preschoolers. (c) Schoolchildren had a higher score for Harmonious Conformity than did preschoolers. There was almost no difference between the score of boys and girls in preschool, but girls in elementary school had a higher score than did boys in elementary school. (d) Mothers' scores on the Parenting Style subscales did not differ depending on their child's gender. (e) Mothers of children in nursery school had a lower score for the Responsive/Sharing subscale than mothers of other children. (f) Mothers of boys in elementary school had a higher score on the Controlling/Demanding subscale than did mothers of boys in preschool.
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